Showing posts with label Health. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Health. Show all posts

Mandela’s recovery “on track” at home: South African government






JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) – Former South African President Nelson Mandela‘s recovery is ‘on track’ at his home in Johannesburg, the government said on Wednesday in its first statement since the anti-apartheid hero was released from hospital a week ago.


Mandela, 94, who has been in frail health for several years, spent nearly three weeks in a Pretoria hospital in December for treatment of a lung infection and surgery to remove gallstones, his longest stay for medical care since his release from prison in 1990.






“Madiba’s recovery continues on track,” presidency spokesman Mac Maharaj said referring to Mandela by his clan name.


“We are now in the phase where if we do not hear from his doctors, we assume he is all right,” he said, without giving details on Mandela’s condition.


Mandela has been receiving what the government calls “home-based high care” at his residence in an upscale Johannesburg neighborhood.


Mandela became South Africa‘s first black president after the first all-race elections in 1994, serving a five-year term.


He has been mostly absent from the political scene for the past several years due to poor health, while questions have been raised as to whether his ruling African National Congress (ANC) has lost the moral compass he left behind.


Under such leaders as Mandela, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo, the ANC gained a stellar global reputation. Once the yoke of apartheid was thrown off, it began ruling South Africa in a blaze of goodwill from world leaders who viewed it as a beacon for a troubled continent and world.


Close to two decades later, this image has dimmed as critics inside and outside the country, and in the movement itself, accuse ANC leaders of indulging in the spoils of office, squandering mineral resources and engaging in power struggles.


Mandela’s “Rainbow Nation” of reconciliation has come under strain under President Jacob Zuma, a Zulu traditionalist with a history of racially charged comments, including a statement in December where he reportedly said dog ownership was for whites and not part of African culture.


Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mandela has a history of lung problems dating back to when he contracted tuberculosis as a political prisoner. He spent 27 years in prison, including 18 years on the windswept Robben Island off Cape Town.


Mandela was also admitted to hospital in February because of abdominal pain but released the following day after a keyhole examination showed there was nothing seriously wrong with him.


He has spent most of his time since then in another home in Qunu, his ancestral village in the impoverished Eastern Cape province.


His poor health has prevented him from making public appearances in the past two years, although he has continued to receive high-profile visitors, including former U.S. President Bill Clinton.


(Reporting by Jon Herskovitz; Editing by Janet Lawrence)


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Omega-3s may not protect against faulty heart rhythm






NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Sorry, Charlie, but fish oil supplements did not prevent atrial fibrillation in patients who had already experienced episodes of the heart rhythm malfunction, a new clinical trial has found.


The study, published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, adds to a growing pool of disappointing evidence regarding the protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids on heart health.






“The results for atrial fibrillation are important negative findings, answering key clinical and research questions,” said Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian, an omega-3 expert at the Harvard School of Public Health, who was not involved in the current study.


The new research, combined with other trials, “indicates that short-term fish oil use is unlikely to prevent recurrent atrial fibrillation,” he said.


But if the supplements don’t prevent heart rhythm problems, they don’t appear to be dangerous, either. “In all these studies, fish oil was safe and well-tolerated, with no evidence for increased bleeding,” Mozaffarian told Reuters Health.


Atrial fibrillation, in which the heart’s upper chambers beat out of step with those below, affects nearly one in 10 Americans in their 80s. The condition is linked to potentially life-threatening strokes and heart failure.


Although doctors prescribe certain medications to treat the condition, none to date has proven particularly effective. As a result, most drug treatment focuses on preventing strokes by administering blood thinners to dissolve clots caused by the fibrillation.


Some evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids, found in oily fish like sardines and tuna, might reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation, although exactly how they would produce their effect is not clear.


A study published earlier this year in Circulation, for example, found that people with the most omega-3s in their blood had a 30 percent lower chance of developing an irregular heart beat than those with the lowest concentrations of the substances (see Reuters Health story of February 1, 2012).


That 30 percent difference would work out to eight fewer cases of atrial fibrillation per 100 people – which would be a meaningful benefit if it could be enjoyed by those with fibrillation or at risk for it, just by consuming more omega 3s.


But the latest study suggests that it probably can’t. The trial included 586 men and women with a history of atrial fibrillation who were given a gram a day of fish oil or dummy capsules for a year. Participants also were allowed to take other drugs to control their heart rhythms, as prescribed by their doctors.


At the end of the study period, about 24 percent of the people who took fish oil, and 20 percent of those who did not, had experienced a recurrence of atrial fibrillation – a difference so small, statistically, it was likely due to chance.


The supplements also did not appear to reduce the risk of other cardiovascular ailments – including stroke, heart attack, heart failure – or death from any cause.


The findings on atrial fibrillation echo results from a study led by Mozaffarian published in November, of patients recovering from heart surgery.


Even so, Dr. Alejandro Macchia, a cardiologist at the GESICA Foundation in Buenos Aires, who led the current study and collaborated with Mozaffarian on the previous one, said fish oil may still prove beneficial for heart health, at least in some patients.


“I am not sure the story is over,” Dr. Macchia told Reuters Health. “I think we have enough evidence to say that there is no role of (omega-3 fatty acids) for the prevention of atrial fibrillation” in patients with a history of the condition, he said. “However in the context of primary prevention – those people who had never had a previous episode of atrial fibrillation – there is a reasonable room for a well-designed and very large clinical trial.”


SOURCE: http://bit.ly/VrTKiY Journal of the American College of Cardiology, online December 19, 2012.


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FDA approves 1st new tuberculosis drug in 40 years






WASHINGTON (AP) — The Food and Drug Administration says it has approved a Johnson & Johnson tuberculosis drug that is the first new medicine to fight the deadly infection in more than four decades.


The agency approved J&J’s pill, Sirturo, for use with other older drugs to fight hard-to-treat tuberculosis.






Sirturo is the first medicine specifically designed for treating multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. That’s an increasingly common form of the disease that cannot be treated with at least two of the four primary antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis.


The standard drugs used to fight the disease were developed in the 1950s and 1960s.


Roughly one-third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with the bacteria causing tuberculosis.


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Republican Senator: chances for “fiscal cliff” deal “exceedingly good”






WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Republican Senator Lindsey Graham said on Sunday that chances for a small “fiscal Cliff” deal in the next 48 hours were “exceedingly good” and that President Barack Obama had won.


“I think people don’t want to go over the cliff if we can avoid it,” Graham said on Fox News Sunday.






“This deal won’t affect the debt situation, it will be a political victory for the president and I hope we’ll have the courage of our convictions when it comes time to raise the debt ceiling to fight for what we believe as Republicans, but hats off to the president, he won,” Graham said.


(Reporting By Tabassum Zakaria; Editing by David Brunnstrom)


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MSF warns Kenya not to send more refugees to stricken camp






LONDON (Reuters) – Conditions in a camp for Somali refugees in Kenya are deplorable and a government plan to send in thousands more would pose a major risk to health, medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) said on Friday.


Kenya has more than half a million refugees from Somalia, which has lacked an effective central government since the outbreak of civil war in 1991.






A series of bombings, shootings and hand-grenade attacks blamed on Somali militants prompted the government on December 18 to stop registering asylum seekers and refugees in urban areas.


A Kenyan official said more than 100,000 refugees must now head to the remote Dadaab camp in the country’s remote north. Amnesty International said the order breached international law.


Dadaab camp was set up 20 years ago and already houses four times the population it was built for. Hunger and disease outbreaks are common.


MSF says its inhabitants suffer from overcrowding and poor sanitation that recent floods had worsened.


“The assistance provided here in Dadaab is already completely overstretched and is not meeting the current needs,” said Elena Velilla, MSF’s head of mission in Kenya.


In the last month, the number of children admitted to Dadaab’s hospital for severe acute malnutrition has doubled to around 300, MSF said. Sixty-three of those were taken to intensive care this week after developing serious complications.


Most of the sick are also suffering from acute watery diarrhea or severe respiratory tract infections, MSF said.


(Reporting by Kate Kelland; Editing by Tom Pfeiffer)


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Poor reading skills tied to risk of teen pregnancy






NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Seventh grade girls who have trouble reading are more likely to get pregnant in high school than average or above-average readers, according to a new study from Philadelphia.


Researchers found that pattern stuck even after they took into account the girls’ race and poverty in their neighborhoods – both of which are tied to teen pregnancy rates.






“We certainly know that social disadvantages definitely play a part in teen pregnancy risk, and certainly poor educational achievement is one of those factors,” said Dr. Krishna Upadhya, a reproductive health and teen pregnancy researcher from Johns Hopkins Children’s Center in Baltimore.


Poor academic skills may play into how teens see their future economic opportunities and influence the risks they take – even if those aren’t conscious decisions, explained Upadhya, who wasn’t involved in the new research.


Dr. Ian Bennett from the University of Pennsylvania and his colleagues looked up standardized test reading scores for 12,339 seventh grade girls from 92 different Philadelphia public schools and tracked them over the next six years.


During that period, 1,616 of the teenagers had a baby, including 201 that gave birth two or three times.


Hispanic and African American girls were more likely than white girls to get pregnant. But education appeared to play a role, as well.


Among girls who scored below average on their reading tests, 21 percent went on to have a baby as a teenager. That compared to 12 percent who had average scores and five percent of girls who scored above average on the standardized tests.


Once race and poverty were taken into consideration, girls with below-average reading skills were two and a half times more likely to have a baby than average-scoring girls, according to findings published in the journal Contraception.


Birth rates among girls ages 15 through 19 were at a record low in the U.S. in 2011 at 31 births for every 1,000 girls, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But that rate is still much higher in minority and poorer girls than in white, well-off ones, researchers noted.


And in general, it’s significantly higher than teen birth rates in other wealthy nations.


Teen pregnancies are a concern because young moms and their babies have more health problems and pregnancy-related complications, and girls who get pregnant are at higher risk of dropping out of school.


Upadhya said the answer to preventing teen pregnancy in less-educated girls isn’t simply to add more sex ed to the curriculum.


“This is really about adolescent health and development more broadly, so it’s really important for us to make sure that kids are in schools and in quality educational programs and that they have opportunities to grow and develop academically and vocationally,” she told Reuters Health.


“That is just as important in preventing teen pregnancy as making sure they know where to get condoms.”


SOURCE: http://bit.ly/TcHB0s Contraception, online December 13, 2012.


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Light Therapy Helps Ease Winter Blues






Every October as the clocks are turned back, Jose Balido notices that his mood changes, almost as if his body were going into hibernation.


His limbs are heavy and he has trouble moving around. Simple household chores like loading the dishwasher seem “insurmountable,” he said. But when spring arrives, the lethargy lifts.






“It took me a while to realize what it was,” said Balido, owner of a travel social network site, Tripatini. “I was cranky, short-tempered, depressed, feeling hopeless and having difficulty concentrating.”


Balido, 51, was diagnosed a decade ago with seasonal affective disorder or SAD. The condition affects 62 million Americans, according to Michael Terman, director of the Center for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms at Columbia University and a leader in the field.


About 5 percent of the population experiences the most severe symptoms of SAD — depression and hopelessness — while another 15 percent have the so-called “winter blues” or “winter doldrums.”


The vast majority never fall into full depression, according to Terman, but “plod through winters with slowness and gloominess that takes effort to hide from others.”


Two decades ago, SAD was identified as a legitimate disorder by the National Institute of Mental Health. Since then, the treatment of choice has been light therapy.


Balido, who lives in Miami, sought help from Terman and now undergoes light therapy. He sits in front of a daylight simulator for a half an hour each morning before 10 a.m.


“Within two or three days, the difference was mind-blowing,” he said.


The standard treatment for SAD is 30 minutes of 10,000-lux, diffused, white fluorescent light, used early in the morning. About half the patients are helped quickly — and when treatment is tailored to a person’s individual wake-sleep cycle, remission can climb to 80 percent, according to Terman.


This year, a utility company in the northern Swedish town of Umea installed ultraviolet lights at 30 bus stops to combat the effects of SAD.


“We wanted to celebrate the fact that all our electricity comes from green sources and we wanted to do this in a way that contributed to the citizens in one way or another,” said Umea Energi marketing chief Anna Norrgard in an email to ABCNews.com.


“As it is very dark where we live this time of year, a lot of us are longing for the daylight,” she said. “A lot of us are also a bit more tired this time of year and I would also say we sleep a little bit more. …We wanted to give the citizens of Umea a little energy boost, to be more alert.”


The town is located about 400 miles north of Stockholm. In December, the sun rises at about 10 a.m. and sets around 2:30 p.m. Some towns north of the Arctic Circle have no daylight for several weeks in the winter.


Geography has a strong influence on the prevalence of SAD symptoms, according to Terman.


“The common wisdom is that it’s worse the farther north you live, because winter days are so much shorter,” he said. “Not so simple.”


Columbia research shows that in North America, the incidence of SAD rises from the southern to the middle states, but levels off and stays bad from about 38 degrees North latitude (near such cities as San Francisco, St. Louis and Washington, D.C.) up through the northernmost states and Canada, according to Terman.


But the problem becomes “more severe” at the western edges of the northern states and provinces.


“This important finding reveals the underlying trigger for relapses into winter depression, since the sun rises an hour more later at the western edge of a zone,” said Terman, whose book, “Chronotherapy,” looks at the phenomenon.


Esther Kane, a clinical counselor from Vancouver, Canada, said her practice is filled with patients as the long days descend on British Columbia.


Seasonal Affective Disorder Hits Hard in Canada


“On the West Coast where we live it’s so rampant, I can’t even tell you how many people have it,” said Kane. “Everyone is feeling it with the gray skies and rain. It’s like nighttime all the time here.”


Doctors there routinely prescribe fish oil and vitamin D, as well as light therapy to balance out the sleep hormone melatonin and “boost” the feel-good hormone serotonin, according to Kane. Many are also on antidepressants.


“A lot of people depend on alcohol and drugs all of a sudden,” she said. “They are stuffing themselves with carbs and their food intake is up. They have depression symptoms — what’s the point of getting out of bed in the morning when they feel no energy and there is dark all over them?”


“Some suffer so bad, they can’t function,” said Kane. “Everyone here who can afford to get away for two weeks in the winter, go to Hawaii.”


Even those who live south of the Mason-Dixon Line in the United States can be affected.


Tina Saratsiotis, who works for a faith-based nonprofit group in Towson, Md., was surprised to develop SAD several years ago.


“I used to be a night person and like the dark. Then something changed,” she said. “By fall when it gets darker and the fatigue and sadness comes and by Christmas, it’s difficult to function.”


“It creeps in slowly — I eat more and have trouble concentrating,” she said. “I am more irritable and weeping, like a prolonged version of PMS. It makes it hard to get things done and to enjoy things.”


Columbia’s Terman said there may be genetic influences in who gets SAD — a vulnerability to depression and to insufficient light exposure.


SAD sufferers say it’s especially hard on their relationships when their winter moods kick in.


“Now, he’s very understanding,” said Saratsiotis, who uses both light therapy and antidepressants to deal with the condition. “But before, when I didn’t feel up to going out, I couldn’t explain not feeling great. People wonder, ‘Why doesn’t she like me?’ and, ‘She’s no fun.’”


But when spring rolls around, so does her old self.


“I love the solstice — thank you, Lord, for the solstice,” she said. “I really need [the medication] now, but I may not in the spring and summer.”


But now, in when the days are their shortest, SAD puts a crimp on the holidays.


“It kills Christmas,” said Saratsiotis. “I sit in the middle of the department store with that particular song about the sleigh bells ringing, and I am sobbing. I burst into tears and think, ‘Just kill that song.’”


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The Medical Guide to Holiday Movies







Anna Karenina lies febrile on her post-partum bed, her husband, Karenin, and lover, Vronsky, flanking her in sorrow. She repents to each, anticipating her end, and just when the romance soars to its peak, you wonder aloud — why does she have a fever? And, could this really happen?


Luckily, we’ve got Hollywood’s holiday ailments covered. Our unofficial disease guide takes a shot at unraveling the medical mysteries you’ll see woven throughout the biggest hits of the season.








Medical Guide to Holiday Movies


Denzel Washington plays a drug-addicted, alcoholic airline pilot who executes a miracle crash landing but is later blamed for the incident.


ALCOHOLISM


It turns out that drinking and flying is relatively rare. But that wasn’t true in the 1960s. A landmark article on aviation and alcohol found that in 35 percent of all fatal airline accidents in 1963, the pilots had measurable levels of alcohol in their blood. A disproportionate amount of these accidents occurred at night and most occurred within the first half-hour of flight.


So how does alcohol affect flight performance? One scientific article reports that blood alcohol concentrations in the range of 0.03 to 0.05-percent can impair performance of tasks like tracking radio-frequency signals, airport traffic control vectoring, traffic observation and avoidance, and aircraft descent. That’s about the amount present after just one drink for an average size adult.


POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS SYNDROME (PTSD)


According to the book, Aviation Mental Health, pilots may be at risk for PTSD if they’ve ever experienced an aircraft mishap or near mishap. Because of this, the airline industry has a program in place called the Critical Incident Response Program that guides pilots through any potential PTSD inciting events. In addition to this, Federal law requires that all airline employees and their families have access to such counseling programs when faced with significant incidents like aircraft accidents.


When it comes to needing medication however, pilots face a double-edged sword. While counseling services for psychiatric conditions like PTSD are not reportable to the FAA, the use of certain medications is. Pilots are required to report use of any psychotropic medications beyond common antidepressants and refrain from flying until they are medication-free.




Medical Guide to Holiday Movies


Daniel Day-Lewis and Sally Field recreate the spirit of America’s first power couple and highlight the staggering height difference between Abe and Mary Todd.


MARFAN SYNDROME


At 6 feet, 4 inchesl, Abe Lincoln towered nearly 9 inches taller than the average 1860s man. Like a taupe, tailless Na’vi from the movie Avatar, his long legs and spidery fingers intimidated adversaries near and far. But his stately frame was more than just a normal variant. Historians have speculated that Lincoln was afflicted with a rare genetic disorder called Marfan syndrome. The disorder affects connective tissues in the body, causing skeletal abnormalities, and problems with the heart, eyes, and lungs. In addition to being extraordinarily tall, people with Marfan’s are often lanky, with long, slender limbs (dolichostenomelia) and fingers (arachnodactyly).


Some experts argue however that Lincoln instead had a condition called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, or MEN2. People with this disorder can also be unusually tall. Either way, his condition would have gone unnamed during his lifetime as Dr. Antoine Marfan, the French pediatrician who first described the condition, didn’t do so until 1896—well after President Lincoln’s untimely death.




Medical Guide to Holiday Movies


Keira Knightly stars in yet another period piece, this time portraying Leo Tolstoy’s beloved, Anna Karenina — a 19th century Russian aristocratic beauty caught in a nasty love triangle.


ENDOMETRITIS


Shortly after giving birth, Karenina experiences a high-grade fever that sends both her lovers to their knees, anticipating the worst. Puerperal fever, or endometritis as it’s now called, was known historically as “the doctor’s plague.” With no concept of germs, doctors often had no reason to wash their hands before attending to births. As such, they often precipitated such post-partum infections, giving thousands of women a simultaneous childbed and deathbed.


Other famous victims include Elizabeth of York, King Henry VIII’s mother, and his third wife, Jane Seymour. It is worth noting that, with the advent of antibiotics and modern-day hygiene, the chances of dying from a post-partum infection today are now incredibly rare.




Medical Guide to Holiday Movies


An all-star cast brings this classic tale of love and loss to the big screen this Christmas Day. And given its historical precedence, we’ll assume we’re not spoiling too much by first announcing Fantine’s death before diving into an explanation of the disease that kills her.


TUBERCULOSIS


Was there ever a more culturally documented medical affliction than consumption, or tuberculosis as it’s known medically? Perhaps not, and that’s why we see so many references to it in popular literature, music and film. Les Miserables is the latest creation to highlight the devastating effects of an infectious disease still commonly seen in third world countries.


TB is a contagious bacterial infection that attacks the lungs and less commonly, other organs. It causes fever, night sweats, weight loss, and sometimes hemetemesis—the coughing up of blood. It’s no wonder that folklore has often associated this disease with vampirism. An article in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology reports that prior to the Industrial Revolution, people interpreted the subsequent deaths of TB patients’ family members as proof that the initial victim was draining them of their lives. In other words, patient zero coughed up blood and therefore, was a vampire.


Today, some countries vaccinate against tuberculosis with a strain of the live, but weakened form of bacteria that infects cows. The vaccine works for only a limited amount of time and its efficacy is limited by geographic region. In the U.S., doctors screen only high risk populations like health care workers and recent immigrants.




Medical Guide to Holiday Movies


Bilbo Baggins returns in this prequel to Lord of the Rings, leading a group of dwarves on a riveting adventure through Middle Earth.


DWARFISM


Is it the hobbits that are really short or the elves that really tall? It’s all relative when it comes to height. If we assume however, that hobbits truly are little people, then it’s safe to say this is a generalized condition that’s associated with upwards of 200 different medical conditions. Either way, the National Institutes of Health defines a dwarf as someone of very short stature — usually under 4’10″ as an adult. Almost 70 percent of all dwarfism cases are due to a condition called achondroplasia, which is a genetic disorder affecting up to 1 in 15,000 people.


Dwarfism itself is not a disease and most little people go on to live healthy, long, and normal lives. Historical prejudice however, often led to their stigmatization as a different kind of being. During the Holocaust, the Nazis went so far as to conduct medical experiments on little people. A shocking example of this was German doctor Josef Mengele’s human zoo — a collection of different looking Jewish prisoners, including a family of dwarves called the Ovitzes.


OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)


Greedy little Gollum exhibits the classic signs and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder. His obsession with the One Ring is concerning for an all-consuming, socially isolating disorder that nearly 1.5 percent of Americans experience. OCD is an anxiety disorder that causes repetitive, unwanted thoughts or behaviors, often plaguing its victims on a daily basis.


Luckily for patients with OCD, there are many treatment options available. Whether or not Gollum can access these in Middle Earth is an entirely different issue.




Medical Guide to Holiday Movies


Vampires are not real… or are they?


PORPHYRIA


In 1963, an article from the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine entitled, “On Porphyria and the Aetiology of Werwolves” made the case for real life creatures of the night. The paper argued that these so-called beasts were, in fact, humans suffering from congenital prophyria. It references run-ins with these creatures by Pliny, Herodotus, and Virgil, and even offers photographic evidence of the scarring and mutilated human faces that could easily be mistaken for beast.


In 1985, biochemist David Dolphin furthered this association with his widely popularized scientific paper, “Porphyria, Vampires, and Werewolves: The Aetiology of European Metamorphosis Legends.” Not surprisingly, medical experts criticize this and other references for being both fake and promoting of an anti-porphyria stigma.


Porphyria itself is a disorder of the enzymes involved in red blood cell production. It causes neurologic complications and skin problems when affected people are exposed to light. Photosensitivity, blisters, itching, and swelling are just some of the symptoms that no doubt led to a corollary to vampirism. But if sun causes your skin to peel off, doesn’t it make sense that you’d avoid daylight?



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South Africa’s Mandela to remain in hospital for Christmas






JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) – Former South African President Nelson Mandela continues to respond to treatment more than two weeks after being taken to hospital in Pretoria and will remain there for Christmas Day, the presidency said on Monday.


The 94-year-old anti-apartheid hero and Nobel Peace laureate has been treated for a lung infection and gallstones after being hospitalized on December 8.






President Jacob Zuma said in a statement that Mandela “will recover from this episode with all our support… We also humbly invite all freedom loving people around the world to pray for him.”


It will be the first Christmas that Mandela has spent away from home since 1989, when he was still in prison. He was jailed for almost three decades for his role in the struggle against white minority rule.


He was released in 1990 and went on to use his prestige to push for reconciliation between whites and blacks as the bedrock of the post-apartheid “Rainbow Nation”.


Mandela was elected South Africa‘s first black president in 1994. He stepped down five years later after one term in office and has been largely removed from public life for the last decade.


(Reporting and writing by Ed Stoddard; Editing by Stella Mapenzauswa and Tom Pfeiffer)


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Explainer: Naming of Parts for an Instrument of Civilian Slaughter






The PTAB 2.5M anti-armor bomblet has a cylindrical body with a dome-shaped ballistic cap at its front and it terminates in a four-fin tail unit that is structured in a drum configuration. In its Aug. 2, 2012 online posting, Jane’s Air-Launched Weapons noted that the tail unit comes in both short and long versions.The entire bomblet measures 0.87 meters in length, has a body diameter of 60 millimeters and weighs 2.5 kilograms. Just behind the nose is a shaped charge weighing 660 grams and consisting of a RDX/TNT mixture, which is detonated by an ADTS-583 impact fuze.Thirty or more bomblets, or sub-munitions, fit into the RBK-250-275 cluster bombs and the RBK 500 can carry 75. The PTAB 2.5M is able to penetrate up to 120 millimeters of armor. The Soviets originally designed the PTAB 2.5M to be dropped on lines of Allied tanks steadily advancing toward the Iron Curtain countries. On Dec 12, while many were fretting or making jokes about the Mayan Apocalypse, Syrian military aircraft released RBK 250s on the civilian population of Marea, near Aleppo. For a few civilians from Marea, the world did end.  


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Acortar las internaciones no significa peor atención: estudio EEUU






NUEVA YORK (Reuters Health) – Los hospitales de Asuntos del


Veterano (AV) de Estados Unidos pudieron reducir la duración de






las internaciones sin aumentar la cantidad de reingresos.


“A medida que los hospitales se volvieron más eficientes,


creció la preocupación porque estuvieran dándole el alta a


pacientes más enfermos y más rápido”, dijo el autor principal de


un nuevo estudio, doctor Peter Kaboli, del Sistema de Salud de


AV de la ciudad de Iowa. “De hecho, encontramos lo opuesto”,


agregó.


En Annals of Internal Medicine, el equipo de Kaboli escribe


que se está presionando a los hospitales para que disminuyan el


tiempo que los pacientes pasan allí. Pero algunos cuestionan si


el alta temprana eleva el riesgo de reinternación. Estas


segundas hospitalizaciones le cuestan Medicare unos 17.000


millones de dólares por año, según reveló un estudio del 2009.


Es más: el 1 de octubre del 2012, los Centros de Servicios


de Medicare y Medicaid comenzaron a utilizar las tasas de


reinternaciones y los resultados en los pacientes como dos


indicadores para determinar cuánto dinero deberían reembolsarles


a los hospitales.


El equipo de Kaboli estudió si la reducción del tiempo de


internación en los 129 hospitales de AV aumentaba la cantidad de


reinternaciones a los 30 días del alta médica. Para eso, analizó


más de 4 millones de historias clínicas electrónicas de AV de


los pacientes atendidos entre 1997 y el 2010.


En ese período, el tiempo promedio de internación se redujo


de 5,5 a 4 días y la cantidad de pacientes reinternados dentro


de los 30 días posteriores al alta médica cayó alrededor de 3


puntos porcentuales (del 16,5 por ciento en 1997 al 13,8 por


ciento en el 2010).


“Parecería que (la duración de la internación) no haría una


diferencia, pero al demostrar que reduce las reinternaciones


notamos que es una medida positiva”, dijo Kaboli.


Aun así, el equipo halló un punto en el que la internación


más breve estaba asociada con un aumento de los reingresos. Los


hospitales con internaciones de por lo menos un día menos que el


tiempo promedio registraban un aumento de las reinternaciones.


Por otro lado, el equipo observó que la cantidad de


pacientes que morían en el hogar dentro de los 90 días


posteriores al alta médica también fue disminuyendo en esos 14


años.


“Pudimos cuidar mejor a los pacientes, con mejor calidad de


la atención y con una reducción de las tasas de mortalidad al


mismo tiempo”, resumió Kaboli.


El doctor Manesh Patel, profesor asistente de cardiología de


la Duke University, en Durham, opinó que el estudio demuestra


que el sistema de AV mejoró en las áreas más sensibles para los


pacientes.


“La buena noticia es que existiría una conexión (…)


Algunas de las medidas que implementamos serían razonables”,


sostuvo Patel, que no participó del estudio, pero investiga el


tema de las reinternaciones.


FUENTE: Annals of Internal Medicine, online 17 de diciembre


del 2012


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AffordRx.com Makes Prescription Drugs Affordable






AffordRx.com to donate thousands of discount drug cards to those in need.


Margate, NJ (PRWEB) December 21, 2012






AffordRx, a discount prescription drug card, is currently giving away thousands of free discount cards to those in need.


Countless senior citizens and children living in the United States are not able to afford their prescriptions regularly. Many people are left with no choice but to skip doses or cut pills in half.


AffordRx representative Dylan Marc explained his company’s mission, “We are aware that millions of Americans are losing out on healthcare because prescription prices are too high. That’s why our card offers you a discount of up to 75% on thousands of prescription drugs.”


Too many people are still without prescription insurance coverage. Even those with coverage may not be able to get the medications they need. People stuck in the Medicare “donut hole” in particular can benefit from AffordRx; while the card does not work with covered prescriptions or existing copays, it can be applied to a deductible, or used to cover prescriptions that are not covered by an existing plan. Sometimes the card’s discount for a given prescription may be even cheaper than it would be under insurance.


These cards can be printed at home and used immediately, or they can be mailed directly to customers upon request. The cards do NOT require a medical examination to qualify, and can be presented to any participating pharmacy along with any qualifying prescription.


AffordRx discount prescription cards are accepted at more than 59,000 pharmacies nationwide, including large chains like CVS, Albertsons, Kmart, Walgreens, and Target as well as independent pharmacies. These cards do not expire; and there is no limitation on how many times or how often they may be used.


AffordRx has helped thousands of patients afford their medications and is ready to help thousands more. Visit AffordRx.com to find more information or to download a free prescription discount card.


Dylan Marc
AffordRx.com
(515) 992-0349
Email Information


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FCA releases two new reports on important role of family caregivers in reducing negative outcomes for patients






Increased training, support and recognition are needed by families as healthcare increasingly moves into home settings


SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 20, 2012 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ – The National Center on Caregiving at Family Caregiver Alliance has released two new reports that shine a light on the important roles of family caregivers in U.S. healthcare—and how those caregivers are often unrecognized and unsupported within medical and long-term service systems.






Family Caregiving and Transitional Care: A Critical Review is an examination of the often ignored — yet absolutely essential — role of caregiving families as patients transition from one healthcare setting to another, for example discharge from hospital to home or hospital to rehab facility.


The report notes that although family caregivers are usually the individuals who will actually implement care plans following release from the hospital, they are rarely actively included in discharge planning; worse, their training, even for complex medical procedures, is often insufficient. The all-too-common result: preventable negative outcomes for patients.


The report looks at ways family caregivers characterize their experiences when a transition occurs and they are expected to take on challenging care tasks such as direct medical treatments (e.g., monitoring ventilators or home dialysis), managing medications, and coordinating essential medical services. Transition decisions made hurriedly at the point of discharge can change patient outcomes, and can be implicated in costly hospital readmissions, serious medication errors and omissions in follow-up treatment.


The authors state, “As the US continues its pressing search for ways to contain healthcare costs and improve quality, the one group whose role has been largely ignored is the nation’s 41 million family caregivers… Family caregivers are a critical missing link in improving transitional care for frail older adults with disabilities.”


The report also examines the relatively few model transitional care programs that do support family caregivers, and concludes with recommendations on improvements needed for practice, research and public policy.


Authors: Mary Jo Gibson, MA, whose career spans 30 years of work on family caregiving, health and long-term services and supports (LTSS) policy; Kathleen Kelly, MPA, Executive Director of Family Caregiver Alliance, the National Center on Caregiving and the Bay Area Caregiver Resource Center; and Alan K. Kaplan, MSc, JD, who has more than 30 years of experience on patients’ rights, medical peer review and Medicare quality assurance issues. The report is available at: http://caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/content/pdfs/FamCGing_TransCare_CritRvw_FINAL10.31.2012.pdf


A second report, Selected Caregiver Assessment Measures: A Resource Inventory for Practitioners, was developed for researchers and program developers to accurately assess the knowledge and well-being of family caregivers as they perform the tasks necessary to maintain the health of their ill or elderly relatives. It is the second edition and follow-up for the first Resource Inventory, published by Family Caregiver Alliance’s National Center on Caregiving in 2002.


Many family caregivers have multiple, varied and serious unmet financial, physical, emotional and social needs which require attention. As healthcare continues to move into home settings, it is important not only to assess the skills and capacity of caregivers to provide care, but also to address caregiver well-being and health in order to prevent more serious health problems for families in the long-term. Valid, reliable assessment tools are necessary to gauge families’ abilities to continue providing care.


The Resource Inventory provides a compendium of caregiver assessment measures that are practice-oriented, practical and applicable, and which address the multidimensional aspects of the caregiving experience.


“As the population ages and caregiving needs increase throughout the country, the essential role families play in the healthcare system is undeniable,” said FCA’s Kathleen Kelly. “At the same time, healthcare budgets are severely stressed and resources strained. Whether family caregivers provide transportation, food preparation, help with personal care or complex medical care such as dealing with wound care or feeding tubes, they are involved at every level. Unfortunately, caregivers’ needs are often unassessed, unrecognized, or even worse, ignored.”


The Resource Inventory was developed by Family Caregiver Alliance’s National Center on Caregiving in collaboration with the Margaret Blenkner Research Institute of the Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging. It was compiled by Sarah Schwartz, MSSA and Laura Darlak, BA, under supervision of Carol J. Whitlatch, PhD, with oversight by Kathleen Kelly, MPA. David M. Bass, PhD, was the reviewer. The report is available at: http://caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/content/pdfs/SelCGAssmtMeas_ResInv_FINAL_12.10.12.pdf


Family Caregiver Alliance and its National Center on Caregiving offer local and national programs to support and sustain the important work of families and friends caring for loved ones with chronic, disabling health conditions. A wealth of caregiving advice, resource listings, newsletters, fact sheets, research reports, policy updates, discussion groups, and the Family Care Navigator are available free on the FCA website. Visit http://www.caregiver.org or call (800) 445-8106 for more information.


SOURCE Family Caregiver Alliance


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Canada wins $28.3 billion case on pension fund payments






OTTAWA (Reuters) – The Canadian government won a far-reaching case at the Supreme Court of Canada on Wednesday when judges ruled Ottawa did not have to return more than C$ 28 billion ($ 28.3 billion) to civil servant union pension plans.


The unions said the federal government had improperly taken the money out of their plans, largely through withdrawal of surpluses. Ottawa said it had followed laws governing the pensions and that, in any case, it would meet its obligation to pay union members the defined benefits they were owed.






In a unanimous 9-0 ruling, the Supreme Court said the unions did not have a legal interest in the pension plan‘s surpluses.


“The plan members‘ interests are limited to their interest in the defined benefits to which they are entitled under the plans,” the court said in its judgment.


The government was not under a fiduciary obligation to the plan members, nor was it unjustly enriched by the amortization and removal of the pension surpluses.”


The judgment was not a surprise, since the unions had lost in two lower courts. A law passed in 2000 gave the government the right to remove surpluses from the pension funds and use the money for whatever purpose it saw fit.


The Canadian Association of Professional Employees said the ruling meant union members would have to pay larger contributions over longer periods of time.


“A portion of the accumulated funds to ensure the continued viability of their pension plans was used for other purposes by their employer,” it said in a statement.


The federal government was not immediately available for comment.


(Reporting by David Ljunggren; Editing by Lisa Von Ahn)


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House Republicans eye limited fiscal cliff bill






WASHINGTON (Reuters) – With time running short before a Dec. 31 deadline, House of Representatives Speaker John Boehner will begin work on legislation that simply would extend current low income tax rates for all families with incomes below $ 1 million a year, according to an aide.


Negotiations will continue with the White House on a broader tax and spending deal, the Boehner aide said.






Boehner is presenting the plan to rank-and-file Republicans in a closed-door session.


On January 1, income tax increases for most Americans will begin unless Congress acts.


Last July, the Democratic-controlled Senate passed a bill to extend the current low rates for all families with net incomes below $ 250,000 a year. The House Republican proposal, if passed by the House, would require agreement by the Senate or force a round of negotiations on a compromise between the two chambers.


In excerpts of remarks Boehner was delivering to his Republican members Tuesday morning, the speaker complained that “the White House just can’t seem to bring itself to agree to a ‘balanced’ approach” to deficit-reduction in negotiations. At the same time, Boehner said Republicans were “leaving the door wide open for something better” than just the limited extension of current low tax rates for most Americans.


“Current law has tax rates going up on everyone January 1. The question for us is real simple: How do we stop as many of those rate hikes as possible?” Boehner said.


For months, Democrats have been urging House Republicans to pass a bill protecting middle-class taxpayers from a January 1 rate increase.


(Reporting By Richard Cowan; Editing by Doina Chiacu)


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Kids Lead Crowd Funded Scientific Mission to Nicaragua: Science Education is the Tide that Lifts All Boats






Enzo, Haley and Emma are ordinary kids working on an extraordinary mission. They are joining up with a team of Special Forces medics and elite, global surgeons to deliver medical aid to the Rama Indians of Nicaragua in the spring of 2013.In partnership with HumaniTV, the journey will be beamed to tens of thousands of kids around the globe by satellite as the three middle school students trek through the jungles of Central America performing research on sustainable agriculture and seeing first hand how science and innovation improves peoples’ lives.”We want to send a message to kids that science isn’t just about getting a better job and making more money,” says team captain and the creator of Exploration nation, twelve year old Enzo. “If it wasn’t for science, we’d still be sitting in a cave somewhere chomping on a mammoth bone in the dark.”The high profile expedition was created by Enzoology Education, a social enterprise that produces Exploration Nation and HumaniTV, an online network featuring humanitarian aid programming to send the message that “science education is the tide that lifts all boats”.Enzo, Haley and Emma are part of the cast of Exploration Nation, an education program that features real kids doing real science research around the globe. These adventures are captured on video and coupled with lesson plans designed to inspire and motivate elementary and middle school students to take up careers in science.America’s Future as a Global Innovator Lies at the Feet of our Youngest Citizens According to a 2009 study by Raytheon, about 60% of students lose their interest in science before the age of 13. The study is just one that shows how students start elementary school genuinely excited about science. By the time they hit seventh grade, the majority feel that science is “boring” and irrelevant to their lives.Dave Wilson, director of academic programs at National Instruments, stated “In order for students to remain engaged in math and science, they need to actually experience the theory that educators put before them. Bringing the theory to life through hands-on experiences really helps students understand and learn better and makes the concepts more relevant to them.” National Instruments is well known for its technical innovation and dedication to science and math education.”Many science principles have been the same for hundreds of years.” says Robert Bourdelais of Ward’s Natural Science. “We are using 19th century methods to teach 21st century kids. Students today need to touch and feel science and learn by doing. A lecture environment doesn’t inspire today’s young students. The way we teach them needs to evolve and align with ever changing technology which is becoming the center of our modern world.”It should be no surprise that presenting science in a dry, isolated context to today’s super stimulated kids results in students becoming more and more disconnected from how innovation is at the core of human existence. The irony of this belief is lost on the most wired generation in history.It is a terrible irony that young people don’t believe science to be relevant to their lives when they are totally immersed in some of the most advanced technological innovation in the history of mankind. Even worse is the idea that any one of these kids has the potential to cure cancer, solve the energy problem or invent the next insanely great thing. Let’s just hope those kids are not in the 60% who fall through the cracks.How Does Helping the Indigenous People of Nicaragua Help America’s Students?According to world renowned paleontologist Dr. Jack Horner, “I think it’s time to do away with traditional classrooms where information is simply disseminated to students who are then expected to regurgitate that same information. We must now create environments where students have to think or create and solve problems or write using their imaginations in order to pass classes…” Horner says. “We need to show kids that active participation in science is exciting and important while motivating them to have their own adventures instead of hearing it second-hand.”Team XN: Expedition Central America is designed to inspire students to get actively involved in hands-on scientific study and show them how innovations in agriculture, renewable fuels, ethnobotany and medicine improve the living conditions of all people – especially the impoverished.The Rama Indians of the Mosquito Coast in Nicaragua are on the receiving end for the Expedition. “We chose the Rama to illustrate what life would be like minus innovation.” says Dr. Alfredo Lopez Salazar, owner of the Rio Indio Lodge in Nicaragua and a long time supporter of the indigenous populations in Central America. Dr. Lopez continues, “The Rama have a sophisticated tradition of thriving in the rain forest and an intimate knowledge of the plants and animals that surround them. But they currently struggle to fulfill their basic needs, such as medical care.”Team XN: Expedition Central AmericaThe team of kids and doctors will bring access to a wide range of medical procedures, basic drugs like antibiotics and analgesics as well as water purification and curriculum materials for the only school in the village.The fourteen day trek through the jungle will include several stops to create a series of lesson programs for Exploration Nation on subjects ranging from sustainable tropical agriculture and renewable energy to ethnobotany and austere medicine. These lessons will include instructional materials and video for elementary and middle school students.The Expedition is also broadcasting live to classrooms across the United States each day of the journey, free for any educators who want to follow the adventure as a learning experience for their students. The team is raising money for the expedition using a crowd funding strategy a growing trend in the scientific community.Thirteen year old Exploration Nation host, Emma, states, “I’m not sure what to expect. I guess the kids there won’t be much different from the kids here. They just don’t have as much stuff and when they get sick, they can’t go to the doctor. So we are bringing the doctors to them.”Learn more about the Expedition here: http://explorationnation.com/expedition-central-americaAll images by Pete Monfre.


Follow Scientific American on Twitter @SciAm and @SciamBlogs.Visit ScientificAmerican.com for the latest in science, health and technology news.
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Child deaths and bitter cold in Syrian refugee camps






ZAATARI, Jordan (Reuters) – One-year-old Ali Ghazawi, born with a heart defect, faced a battle for survival even before his family fled Syria‘s civil war. It was a struggle he lost two weeks ago in the bitter winter cold of a tented refugee camp in north Jordan.


Ali died two days after undergoing a heart operation in Zaatari camp, which houses at least 32,000 refugees who escaped fierce bombardment in Syria’s rebellious southern province of Deraa, cradle of the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad.






“I covered my son with two blankets, but he was not warming up, and he turned blue before he passed away in my hands,” said his sobbing 22-year-old mother, alone with a three-year-old daughter after she left her husband in Deraa and crossed the border in November.


Ali was the fourth baby to die in three weeks in the windswept camp. United Nations aid workers say none of the deaths were the direct result of conditions in Zaatari, yet they highlight the challenge facing relief agencies scrambling to provide basic shelter for half a million refugees in the region.


“These deaths are a result of cumulative factors, some related to shortage in needs and natural causes. But on top of that, the reality that conditions are harsh cannot be ignored,” said Saba Mobaslat, program director at Save the Children.


Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey each host more than 130,000 registered refugees, and relief workers predict the numbers will only increase as violence escalates around the capital Damascus.


Mirroring Syria’s youthful population, almost 65 percent of Jordan’s camp residents are newborns and young children.


“Every night we are getting children as young as four days old, six days old, one week, two weeks old, and it’s a real struggle to try to make sure that everyone survives,” said Andrew Harper, Jordan head of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).


“Women are giving birth on the border, and people are coming across pregnant. It’s a situation where we just need to redouble efforts, particularly as we move into winter, because you have hundreds of pregnant women who cross the border,” Harper said.


Families often send the most vulnerable to safety, he added, so alongside the very young in Zaatari are many older refugees. “Last night we had a couple who were 97 years old,” he said.


“CHILDREN’S CAMP”


Along the main road in the middle of the camp’s muddy and gravel streets, children of all ages race around the makeshift market place that sprang up after the camp opened in July.


Many families join in, out of enterprise or necessity, selling everything from hot falafel to household goods, old clothing and fresh vegetables.


“It’s a children’s camp. You walk into it and there are children everywhere. It’s in your face. The male adults are staying behind, and a woman comes with 10 children without her bread earner,” Mobaslat added.


In one of several UNICEF-run playgrounds, among seesaws, swings and volunteers giving music lessons, the scars of war are fresh in the minds of most children.


“I long for my home, and I hope Bashar falls to get back to my home. It’s much better than here, where we are humiliated,” said Mohammad Ghazawi, 12, who came to play after a break from selling cheap cigarettes.


Their elders complain that two thin blankets per refugee distributed in recent weeks were not enough to warm them in tents that let in rain water despite zinc reinforcements and waterproof layers that have helped insulate them.


“Kids are dying from cold and lack of blankets. My kids shiver at night, and one has constant diarrhea,” said Mohammad Samara, 46, who fled heavy shelling in the southern Syrian town of Busr al-Sham in October with his wife and four children.


Carsten Hansen, country director for the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), which has set up a heated tent that receives families on arrival, says much progress has been made to help distribute aid.


“Everybody is trying to mobilize resources … in order to react to bigger numbers and a huge influx,” Hansen said, adding that 6,000 gas heaters had been airlifted to Jordan to help heat the tent camp.


FROM CRISIS TO DISASTER?


Harper said UNHCR was working to prevent “this humanitarian crisis becoming a major disaster”. But he said that while aid teams were racing to improve conditions at Zaatari, there were 100,000 other registered refugees living outside the camp and probably another 100,000 unregistered, whose living conditions were not improving.


In Lebanon, too, host to 154,000 refugees, many face a bleak winter, and aid workers expect their numbers to more than double by the middle of next year.


In the Bekaa Valley town of Bar Elias, a woman from the northern Syria province of Idlib says her home for the last year has been a wooden shack with only plastic sheeting to protect from the rain. Plastic bags are stuffed into the roof as extra insurance against leaks. “There is no water, no electricity, no school for my kids,” she said in a croaky voice.


“My husband is sick. The situation is very bad.”


Mads Almaas, NRC country director in Lebanon, said many more may flee Syria over the winter to escape worsening conditions there, putting even greater strain on relief efforts.


“The violence will not only continue but also get worse. And even in the increasingly likely event of the fall of Assad, we don’t think the violence will end,” he said.


Almaas said the United Nations would launch a regional response plan on Wednesday anticipating a total of 300,000 registered refugees in Lebanon by mid-2013. “At first we thought it was too high. Now we are concerned it is too low,” he said.


In Turkey, which hosts 136,000 refugees, camps for the most part have facilities such as portable electric heaters, and refugees receive three hot meals a day from the Red Crescent. But temperatures can plunge below freezing in the rugged terrain along the 900 kilometer (560 mile) border with Syria during the winter months, and rain can be torrential and cause flooding.


Overcrowding remains a concern, with extended families cramped in single tents and ever more refugees arriving as fighting across the border drags on.


Across the region, aid workers fear an explosion in violence could leave them seriously overstretched.


“Right now funds are sufficient. What is a challenge is if we get any shocks, something like 5,000-10,000 refugees arriving (in Lebanon) in a matter of hours,” Almaas said.


If fighting swept through the center of Damascus, thousands of Syrians could flee to the Lebanese border in a matter of hours. “For that, we are not prepared as the NRC. I also question the international community’s capacity.”


(Additional reporting by Oliver Holmes in Beirut and Nick Tattersall in Ankara; Editing by Dominic Evans and Will Waterman)


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Mental health toll emerges among Sandy survivors






NEW YORK (AP) — The image of his brother trapped in a car with water rising to his neck, his eyes silently pleading for help, is part of a recurring nightmare that wakes Anthony Gatti up, screaming, at night.


Gatti hauled his brother out of the car just in time, saving his life at the height of Superstorm Sandy. The two men rode out the hurricane in their childhood Staten Island home and survived. But weeks afterward, Gatti still hasn’t moved on.






Now he’s living in a tent in the backyard, burning pieces of furniture as firewood, refusing to leave until the place is demolished. Day and night, he is haunted by memories of the storm.


“My mind don’t let me get past the fact that I can’t get him out of the car. And I know I did,” Gatti said, squeezing his eyes tightly shut at the memory. “But my mind don’t let me think that. My mind tells me I couldn’t save him, he dies.”


As communities battered by Sandy clear away the physical wreckage, a new crisis is emerging: the mental and emotional trauma that storm victims, including children, have endured. The extent of the problem is difficult to measure, as many people are too anxious to even leave their homes, wracked by fears of wind and water and parting from their loved ones. Others are too busy dealing with losses of property and livelihood to deal with their grief.


To tackle the problem, government officials are dispatching more than 1,000 crisis counselors to the worst-hit areas in New York and New Jersey, helping victims begin the long work of repairing Sandy’s emotional damage.


Counselors are assuring people that anxiety and insomnia are natural after a disaster. But when the trauma starts to interfere with daily life, it’s probably time to seek help. And in a pattern that played out in New Orleans and the Gulf Coast after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, symptoms may only get worse as victims transition from the initial shock to the disillusionment phase of the recovery.


“Folks are starting to realize that they may be in this for the long haul,” said Eric Hierholzer, a commander in the U.S. Public Health Service. “And things aren’t necessarily going to get better tomorrow or next week.”


At St. John’s Episcopal Hospital in Far Rockaway, the psychiatry department has recorded a 20 percent increase in walk-in patients since the storm hit, with residents reporting the whole gamut of stress-related symptoms. Anxiety. Insomnia. Panic attacks.


Local schools have referred 25 percent more children than usual to the hospital’s outpatient mental health programs.


“The children are very, very traumatized,” said Fern Zagor, who runs the Staten Island Mental Health Society. “They have a hard time making sense of this sudden change in their world. It’s frightening to them.”


A 5-year-old girl who was pulled from floodwaters clinging to her father hasn’t been able to attend kindergarten since the storm, Zagor said, because she’s too traumatized to be parted from him now. An 11-year-old boy is working with counselors after floating in water up to his neck on the second floor of his home for several hours before being rescued.


“This child has said he worries about rain,” Zagor said. “He worries about whether he’ll ever want to swim in a swimming pool again.”


The society is among many mental health providers who are working with Project Hope, a New York crisis counseling program funded by an $ 8.2 million Federal Emergency Management Agency grant that has just begun sending counselors to local communities. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo’s office estimates the program will help more than 200,000 people.


Project Hope Counselor Yomira Natera has been seeking out storm victims who don’t speak English as their first language.


“We’ve seen an increase in substance with folks who may have language barriers,” she said. “Who may be frustrated with the system, who find it difficult to communicate.”


At least 20,000 people have so far made contact with counselors from the New Jersey Hope and Healing Program, which has dispatched hundreds of state-trained disaster crisis response counselors into the storm zone. The state also launched a hotline for people to call and talk to a counselor.


In Union Beach, N.J., a working-class enclave on Raritan Bay, Kathy Parsells helped coordinate deliveries volunteered at a FEMA recovery center on a recent afternoon, helping to coordinate deliveries. Her daughter and grandchildren had to be rescued during the storm.


“I’m OK,” she said, stifling tears. “My grandsons have nightmares. My grandson, the first night, was screaming: ‘It’s coming up the stairs.’”


Jeannette Van Houten, who lost her home in Union Beach, said in a telephone interview that she feels like she’s going through the same stages of grief that she endured when her niece was murdered in 2008.


“I have days that I can’t put a thought together. Like you start talking and you forget what you’re saying,” said Van Houten, who sleeps just two or three hours on a good night nowadays. “And the numbness, like you look at things that are happening around you, but you’re not part of it.”


The Rev. Matthew Dowling, a pastor at the Monmouth Church of Christ in Tinton Falls, N.J., volunteered as a crisis counselor in the days after the storm and heard a lot of survivor’s remorse from people who were more fortunate than their neighbors. But there was also a great deal of frustration.


“When FEMA arrives, they think everything is going to be fixed,” Dowling said. “The reality is it’s going to take months and months to get back to normal. Just like the steps of grief there’s anger at the new normal.”


Distress calls to LifeNet, New York City’s local crisis hotline, doubled during the first few weeks after the storm hit, averaging more than 2,000 calls per week from people who were angry and worried that basic needs — food, clothing, shelter — had not been met.


Officials are now preparing for a new wave of calls from people struggling with depression and other mental health issues, said Christian Burgess, director of the Disaster Distress Helpline, a national crisis hotline run by the federal government that provides a network of trained counselors in the aftermath of a major disaster.


Coming to grips with the loss of everything she owned has been difficult for Carol Stenquist, who stood outside borough hall in Union Beach, nervously dragging on a cigarette and crying.


“I have anxiety over it. Even when I lay down at night I feel my heart palpitating with the loss of everything,” said Stenquist, whose home was destroyed. “I was there for 20 years.”


She thinks she needs to talk to a professional counselor, but hasn’t sought one out yet.


“I’m kind of afraid that the emotional stuff I feel now is just part of what I’m going to feel when it’s over,” she said. “I’ve had my breakdowns, cries, feelings of depression. I’ve had all of that.”


On Staten Island, volunteers have been quietly stopping by Anthony Gatti’s tent to check in on him during his long vigil, dropping off boxes of cereal and cans of coffee. A volunteer therapist tried to talk him into leaving, but to no avail. He spends his days patrolling the property for looters and gazing at photos of the storm’s destruction on his laptop.


“I keep trying to make him understand. It’s a lot of wood and metal and pipes, that’s all it is,” said his mother, Marge Gatti. “You’ve got to get numb. You gotta get tough. If I’m not numb, I can’t function.”


Diseases/Conditions News Headlines – Yahoo! News


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Roche wins EU nod for breast cancer drug Perjeta






ZURICH (Reuters) – European health regulators recommended Roche‘s breast cancer drug Perjeta for approval on Friday, cementing the company’s hopes that the drug will become the standard of care for an aggressive, incurable form of cancer.


Roche is hoping that combining Perjeta with its older drug Herceptin will become the standard treatment for women with a form of cancer known as HER2-positive, which makes up about a quarter of all breast cancers and has no cure.






Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, with about 1.4 million new cases diagnosed each year and more than 450,000 women dying of the disease annually, according to the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer.


U.S. health regulators already granted the drug approval in June. Recommendations from the European Medicine’s Agency (EMA) are normally endorsed by the European Commission within a couple of months.


Perjeta is an effective but costly drug. A typical 18-month course of Perjeta plus Herceptin costing approximately $ 188,000.


Vontobel analyst Andrew Weiss forecasts peak sales of 2 billion Swiss francs ($ 2.15 billion) for the drug.


Roche is also developing an “armed antibody” known as TDM-1 as a treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer. TDM-1 combines Herceptin with a derivative of a powerful type of chemotherapy and is designed to reduce unpleasant side effects.


(Reporting by Caroline Copley; Editing by Hans-Juergen Peters)


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Best Pals Paralyzed Just 2 Years Apart






Alan Brown had just wrapped up a fundraiser for his high school best friend, Danny Heumann, who had been paralyzed after he broke his back in a car accident.


“We were 18 years old, ready to live life,” said Brown, who became his friend’s caregiver, staying by his side at New York City‘s Rusk Institute after the 1985 accident.






But just six weeks after he had helped raise $ 15,000 for his friend’s new foundation, Brown himself suffered a cruel twist of fate. He, too, was paralyzed after diving into the surf on a Club Med vacation in Martinique. It was Jan. 2, 1988, a bit more than two years after Heumann’s accident.


Brown said that he quite literally “saw the light” when he shattered his neck. The undertow threw him head-first against the ocean floor.


“I heard it snap,” he said. “I was under water two or three minutes holding my breath to survive. But I thought this was it.”


He never lost consciousness and remembered from his friend’s accident not to be jostled, so he refused a ride in the bumpy ambulance until he could be airlifted to the hospital. En route, he said he quoted lines from the comedy film, “Fletch” — “It’s all ball bearings.”


Just short of his 21st birthday, he lost the use of his legs, but not his sense of humor or his drive.


Today, at 45, Brown says he is doing what he has always done best: facing a challenge.


He has pledged to raise $ 250,000 — $ 25,000 for each year he has been paralyzed — for the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation. His one-year campaign is aptly named the “Power of We.”


“There’s no ego here — we’re building an army,” said Brown, who is director of impact for the Reeve Foundation. “Spinal cord injuries don’t discriminate. In one split second my life changed.”


Both Heumann and Brown now sit on the board of the Reeve Foundation.


An estimated 5.6 million Americans live with some form of paralysis, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and most, like Brown, were injured when they were young.


The Reeve Foundation has become the “hub” of most of the research and advocacy for those who suffer from paralysis. It is named for the actor Christopher Reeve, who was injured in a horseback riding accident and died in 2004. His wife, Dana, worked with him and chaired the foundation; she died in 2006.


Spinal cord research is “painstakingly slow and expensive,” according to Susan Howley, executive vice-president of research at the Reeve Foundation. And there are never any quick fixes.


But this is a pivotal time in research and more is being done to improve quality of life and independence for those who are paralyzed.


“It’s actually a phenomenally interesting and exciting time in the field of spinal cord research,” said Howley. “The old dogmas haven’t really been overturned for a very long time.”


As recently as two decades ago, an injured adult was never expected to recover. Today, scientists are discovering activity-based exercise or locomotor training that can “remind” the spinal cord how to step and stand again, she said.


But being wheelchair-bound is only part of the medical, psychological and financial challenge of a spinal cord injury.


Depending on the severity of the injury, the yearly expense for treatment can be anywhere from $ 300,000 to nearly $ 1 million, according to The University of Alabama National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


The lifetime cost of caring for a 25-year-old can range from $ 1.5 to $ 4 million.


Pain, Bladder and Skin Issues Plague Those With Paralysis


The secondary effects of spinal cord injuries are as challenging as the mobility issues: constant pain, bowel and bladder issues, and skin problems; shoulder and back injuries from years of strain and aging in a wheelchair.


“There are so many of them,” said Brown. “Care giving and the psychological are part of it — developing your own confidence to face the world. Some people don’t even want to leave their homes.”


Brown’s generation is the first to even survive spinal cord injuries. “There is no road map for us,” he said. “In the past, if they didn’t die, they were put away in a nursing home to die.”


Relationships are tested; Brown said his own marriage broke up.


Since the early days of treatment at Jackson Memorial in Miami and later in outpatient therapy at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York City, his humor has kept him going.


“They put me in a halo backwards and had to unscrew it and screw it back into my head,” said Brown. “I laughed the entire time. I laughed every day and cried every day.”


He said he learned to hold his breath so the nurses would talk to him.


Laughter has carried him through six surgeries and physical ordeals. “I am an emergency room frequent flyer,” Brown jokes.


He has 11 screws and two metal plates that were inserted after his neck was rebuilt.


“Technically I’m three people,” said Brown. “My head is screwed on, my body is in the middle and there is my soul.”


Brown has always been a giver — as a child growing up in a Jewish family in New York City, he used to help prepare dead bodies for burial — “one of the biggest mitzvahs,” he said.


“I was always a person who wanted to overcome, an overachiever,” he said. “I wasn’t a great student, but I was there by your side. I would help the elderly at Rosh Hashanah — it’s in my make-up.”


While he was still bedridden and his health was touch and go, Brown asked his rabbi what he would say in a eulogy. The rabbi told Brown he had the “spirit to help others.”


Today he says he leads a full life, helping to raise his two sons, Max, 15, and Sam, 10.


Brown uses a power wheelchair and has difficulty using his hands. He said he battles constant pain, but is able to get himself in and out of the chair and drives a car.


A former hockey player, Brown keeps fit. He participates in marathons in his wheelchair and has tried both scuba and sky diving.


Professionally, Brown has worked his entire life — at public relations, recruiting NFL players for ad campaigns and even running a radio station.


“Nothing will ever stop me,” said Brown, who has also begun a book.


He confesses he doesn’t sleep much, especially with an eye to the fundraising campaign for the Reeve Foundation.


“There totally is hope,” he said when talking about medical advances. “Cures come in different shapes and sizes. A lot of us would take just not being in pain.”


Meanwhile, Brown’s attitude and energy astound his colleagues.


“Alan lives with his injury day in and day out,” said Howley at the Reeve Foundation. “He, better than anyone else, understands what the challenges and needs are. He is so articulate and compassionate. We are very lucky. God bless him.”


For more information and to help, go to the donor page for the Alan T. Brown Power of We Campaign.


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