Explainer: Naming of Parts for an Instrument of Civilian Slaughter






The PTAB 2.5M anti-armor bomblet has a cylindrical body with a dome-shaped ballistic cap at its front and it terminates in a four-fin tail unit that is structured in a drum configuration. In its Aug. 2, 2012 online posting, Jane’s Air-Launched Weapons noted that the tail unit comes in both short and long versions.The entire bomblet measures 0.87 meters in length, has a body diameter of 60 millimeters and weighs 2.5 kilograms. Just behind the nose is a shaped charge weighing 660 grams and consisting of a RDX/TNT mixture, which is detonated by an ADTS-583 impact fuze.Thirty or more bomblets, or sub-munitions, fit into the RBK-250-275 cluster bombs and the RBK 500 can carry 75. The PTAB 2.5M is able to penetrate up to 120 millimeters of armor. The Soviets originally designed the PTAB 2.5M to be dropped on lines of Allied tanks steadily advancing toward the Iron Curtain countries. On Dec 12, while many were fretting or making jokes about the Mayan Apocalypse, Syrian military aircraft released RBK 250s on the civilian population of Marea, near Aleppo. For a few civilians from Marea, the world did end.  


Follow Scientific American on Twitter @SciAm and @SciamBlogs.Visit ScientificAmerican.com for the latest in science, health and technology news.
© 2012 ScientificAmerican.com. All rights reserved.
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China and India: The $10 Trillion Engine of Future U.S. Growth






My friend and colleague Michael J. Silverstein, writing in this space in late October, mentioned that the most dangerous thing about China is America’s misguided attitude toward the country. In short, we appear to be afraid of China’s success.


The U.S. has never before run from a challenge. This is the wrong time to start.






As Silverstein and his co-authors—Carol Liao, David Michael, and Abheek Singhi—point out in their new book, The $ 10 Trillion Prize, one of the reasons many Americans feel threatened by China is they don’t know a lot about the country. What they do “know,” by and large, is what they’ve been told by politicians and others who accuse China of stealing U.S. jobs.


Yes, many low-skill, low-wage U.S. jobs have moved elsewhere, in many cases to China. Yes, many low-cost, mass-produced products that used to be made here are now being made there, and in other low-cost countries, such as India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand, and Vietnam. And, yes, many of those jobs will never come back.


But as China and the other developing countries grow, they also become potential customers for U.S. goods and services, from corn and soybeans to automobiles, commercial jetliners, heavy machinery, construction and farm equipment, and banking, investment, and insurance services, to name just a few.


It wasn’t that long ago that the prevailing American vision of the Middle Kingdom was that of millions of mindless peasants marching in automaton-like lockstep to the orders of the party bosses. They led lives of drudgery, on collective farms, toiling for mere survival. Everybody dressed like Chairman Mao. Dissent was met with tanks. And it wasn’t that long ago that that may have been accurate in some respects.


But China today, as Silverstein and his co-authors make clear, is a booming multiclass society with hundreds of millions of people who want nothing more than their own version of the American Dream: a nice home, a quality car, a good education for their children, appliances and conveniences, better health care, stylish clothes, more time for travel and leisure. In short: a better life for the next generation than the current generation enjoyed. The same is true in India.


The authors visited with and tell the stories of dozens of Chinese and Indian families and entrepreneurs who are striving for the same things Americans want—and for the first time in their lives, they have the money to get them.


My colleagues have calculated that between 2010 and 2020, Chinese and Indian consumers will spend some $ 64 trillion on goods and services. Chinese consumers will spend approximately $ 41.5 trillion, with annual expenditures reaching more than $ 6 trillion in 2020. Indians will spend $ 22.5 trillion, with annual spending hitting an estimated $ 3.6 trillion by 2020. Combined, they will be spending some $ 10 trillion per year by 2020—more than three times what they spent in 2010.


That’s what U.S. politicians and business leaders should be talking about: the promise of China and India as engines of future U.S. growth. That’s the prize the book is about.


China and India today show the kind of unbridled optimism that used to be the hallmark of America. Many Chinese and Indian entrepreneurs expect their companies to grow by factors of 10 over the next decade.


Rather than fear such growth, Americans should embrace it, wish them well, and make sure our businesses, farms, and factories are prepared to meet their needs.


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3-day trip becomes 3-week ordeal for 2 Jamaicans






SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico (AP) — It was supposed to be a three-day fishing trip at most. It turned into a three-week ordeal, drifting under an intense sun for hundreds of miles in the Caribbean in a small boat with a broken motor.


The two Jamaican fishermen survived by eating raw fish they caught and drinking water from melted ice they had brought to preserve their catch. The Colombian navy finally plucked them from the sea a week ago and delivered them home Saturday after treating them for severe dehydration, malnutrition and hypothermia.






Everton Gregory, 54, and John Sobah, 58, recounted their story in a telephone interview from Jamaica, while the boat owner and the men’s employer also provided details.


The men set off from Jamaica’s southeastern coast on Nov. 20. The water was glassy, the wind was calm and their boat was laden with 14 buckets of ice, 16 gallons of water and several bags of cereal, bread and fruit.


They headed to Finger Bank, a nearby sand spit 8-miles-long (13-kilometers) that is known for its abundance of fish like wahoo, tuna and mahi mahi. The owner of the 28-foot (8-meter) boat said she usually joins them on fishing trips, but she couldn’t go that afternoon.


After spending a couple of days around Finger Bank, the two men set off for home with their catch. But the boat’s engine soon died. The water was too deep to use the anchor and the current too strong to use the oars, so the boat slowly drifted away from Jamaica.


At first, the men got by on sipping the water and eating the food they brought with them. But days turned into weeks, and they began to eat the fish they had caught and drink the melted ice that had kept it fresh.


Gregory and Sobah kept eating raw fish and used a tarp to try to collect water, but the rain clouds remained at a distance.


Back home, friends and family called police and used their own boats to search the area where the men were last seen. The two fishermen work for the Florida-based nonprofit group Food for the Poor, which chartered a plane to search along Jamaica’s coast.


Marva Espuet, the owner of the boat, said she knew she had packed it with more food and water than needed for a three-day trip, but the thought provided little relief.


“If I had gone, there would have been two boats going,” said the 52-year-old woman, a longtime friend of both fishermen.


With searches proving fruitless, Sobah’s niece grew frantic, recalled Nakhle Hado, a fishing manager for Food for the Poor who helped lead the search. She “begged me that she wanted John back for Christmas,” Hado said.


Hado said some people believed the two men would never be found, but he and others didn’t give up. “My gut was telling me that they were still alive,” he said.


Hado said he had trained Gregory and Sobah on how to survive at sea.


“In case something happens, they don’t have to think twice. They know how to react,” he said. “It’s very important, their mental state.”


Gregory and Sobah finally ran out of fresh water and went several days without drink. A healthy human being can die from dehydration anywhere from three to five days without water.


Then on Dec. 12, a Colombian navy helicopter patrolling off the coast of that South American country spotted the men near Lack of Sleep cay, more than 500 miles (800 kilometers) from where they started. It took two days for a navy vessel to reach them because of bad weather. The men were hospitalized for several days at the Colombian island of San Andres before boarding a plane back home to Jamaica.


“It feels good,” Sobah told the AP in a brief phone interview after arriving.


Gregory said he had lost hope, but Sobah tried to keep him positive that they would be rescued. “I just had that belief,” Sobah said. “I believe in the Creator.”


Yet it is Gregory who plans to keep fishing despite the ordeal because he needs the job.


Sobah said he’s done. “I’m not going to go fishing again. No way.”


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Without an ‘iTV,’ Apple’s growth could shrink to the single digits by 2015






Another analyst believes that Apple is losing its shine. Toni Sacconaghi of Bernstein Research on Thursday trimmed his price target for the company, citing concerns that growth may be slowing. The analyst believes that iPhone sales will remain strong for at least the next two years, however Apple (AAPL) is expected to lose overall market share “if it does not bring out a lower-price device” in the wake of a changing industry. Sacconaghi notes that the iPad should continue to see success in a tablet market that is “a rocket…an absolute juggernaut,” with tablet PC shipments estimated to more than triple over the next five years. It is believed, however, that Apple will likely become a single digit growth company by 2015, unless it releases a new major product such as an HDTV.


[More from BGR: RIM’s biggest problem: It’s still scrambling to catch yesterday’s hottest mobile app]






“That said, it will have a pristine balance sheet, and be generating a mind-boggling $ 49 billion in free cash flow a year after paying its current dividend,” Sacconaghi wrote in a note to investors, according to Forbes. “More importantly, we believe that Apple’s innovation offers significant option value, which is not in our forecast. Three years ago, the iPad did not exist. Today it generates $ 32 billon in annual revenues, and as a standalone business would be the 11th biggest U.S. tech company. Potential ‘options’ for Apple investors include a lower-end iPhone, a television ‘solution,’ a larger iPad or converged device and monetizing advertising, e-commerce and search from its iOS platform (and credit card database) of 435 million users.”


[More from BGR: WhatsApp goes free for iPhone for a limited time]


The analyst kept his Outperform rating on shares of Apple, although he trimmed his price target from $ 800 to $ 750 and lowered his 2013 fiscal year EPS forecast to $ 49.41 per share, from $ 50.57.


This article was originally published by BGR


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Disney Sets August 9 Release for ‘Cars’ Spin-off ‘Planes’






NEW YORK (TheWrap.com) – Disney will release “Planes,” a spin-off of Pixar‘s “Cars” franchise, August 9, 2013, in the United States. DisneyToon Studios is behind the film with Pixar/Disney Animation chief creative officer John Lasseter producing.


The film follows a fleet of planes, in particular Dusty. “Two and a Half Men” star Jon Cryer was to voice Dusty, but he has dropped out and the studio is now casting the part.






Disney initially intended to release “Planes” direct to video, but it will now send it into theaters domestically and overseas.


“Planes” will compete against a pair of films that summer weekend, both of which should have more adult followings. The big-ticket item will be Sony’s “Elysium,” Neill Blomkamp‘s follow-up to “District 9.” Also opening that weekend is “We’re the Millers,” a New Line drug-smuggling comedy starring Jason Sudeikis and Jennifer Aniston.


Next summer’s biggest animated movies should all be sequels save “Epic,” Fox’s story of a teenage girl caught in a forested battle. Beyonce Knowles‘ leads the voice cast. The other big openers are Despicable Me 2,” “Monsters University” and “Smurfs 2.”


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Acortar las internaciones no significa peor atención: estudio EEUU






NUEVA YORK (Reuters Health) – Los hospitales de Asuntos del


Veterano (AV) de Estados Unidos pudieron reducir la duración de






las internaciones sin aumentar la cantidad de reingresos.


“A medida que los hospitales se volvieron más eficientes,


creció la preocupación porque estuvieran dándole el alta a


pacientes más enfermos y más rápido”, dijo el autor principal de


un nuevo estudio, doctor Peter Kaboli, del Sistema de Salud de


AV de la ciudad de Iowa. “De hecho, encontramos lo opuesto”,


agregó.


En Annals of Internal Medicine, el equipo de Kaboli escribe


que se está presionando a los hospitales para que disminuyan el


tiempo que los pacientes pasan allí. Pero algunos cuestionan si


el alta temprana eleva el riesgo de reinternación. Estas


segundas hospitalizaciones le cuestan Medicare unos 17.000


millones de dólares por año, según reveló un estudio del 2009.


Es más: el 1 de octubre del 2012, los Centros de Servicios


de Medicare y Medicaid comenzaron a utilizar las tasas de


reinternaciones y los resultados en los pacientes como dos


indicadores para determinar cuánto dinero deberían reembolsarles


a los hospitales.


El equipo de Kaboli estudió si la reducción del tiempo de


internación en los 129 hospitales de AV aumentaba la cantidad de


reinternaciones a los 30 días del alta médica. Para eso, analizó


más de 4 millones de historias clínicas electrónicas de AV de


los pacientes atendidos entre 1997 y el 2010.


En ese período, el tiempo promedio de internación se redujo


de 5,5 a 4 días y la cantidad de pacientes reinternados dentro


de los 30 días posteriores al alta médica cayó alrededor de 3


puntos porcentuales (del 16,5 por ciento en 1997 al 13,8 por


ciento en el 2010).


“Parecería que (la duración de la internación) no haría una


diferencia, pero al demostrar que reduce las reinternaciones


notamos que es una medida positiva”, dijo Kaboli.


Aun así, el equipo halló un punto en el que la internación


más breve estaba asociada con un aumento de los reingresos. Los


hospitales con internaciones de por lo menos un día menos que el


tiempo promedio registraban un aumento de las reinternaciones.


Por otro lado, el equipo observó que la cantidad de


pacientes que morían en el hogar dentro de los 90 días


posteriores al alta médica también fue disminuyendo en esos 14


años.


“Pudimos cuidar mejor a los pacientes, con mejor calidad de


la atención y con una reducción de las tasas de mortalidad al


mismo tiempo”, resumió Kaboli.


El doctor Manesh Patel, profesor asistente de cardiología de


la Duke University, en Durham, opinó que el estudio demuestra


que el sistema de AV mejoró en las áreas más sensibles para los


pacientes.


“La buena noticia es que existiría una conexión (…)


Algunas de las medidas que implementamos serían razonables”,


sostuvo Patel, que no participó del estudio, pero investiga el


tema de las reinternaciones.


FUENTE: Annals of Internal Medicine, online 17 de diciembre


del 2012


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Can Nepal’s Republic Be Saved?






11785  maha aziz Can Nepals Republic Be Saved?


If you were a politician in Nepal during the past two years, there’s some chance you may have been slapped. In January 2011—as well as in May and November of this year—three citizens who were fed up with chronic government inaction physically attacked three senior politicians.






Nepal’s citizens survived 10 years of a bloody Maoist insurrection that killed an estimated 16,000 people but also brought about the end of a centuries-old monarchy in 2008. Since then, however, the country has been hampered by chronic political and economic crises that have created a severe legitimacy crisis for the ruling elites. Can this nascent republic be saved?


It seems to be an impossible challenge in the near term. The current political crisis is so dire that there has been no parliament since May. In November, hints surfaced of a presidential coup to oust the Maoist-led caretaker government of Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai. President Ram Baran Yadav heard advice from the military chief and the Indian ambassador about the best way out of the crisis, but he ultimately took no action. Weeks later, the political crisis persists.


On Nov. 29, Prime Minister Bhatterai and various political factions failed to meet the president’s deadline to form a national unity government that would lead to parliamentary elections for April or May. On Dec. 6, the factions failed again to meet the extended deadline. A day later, on Dec. 7, President Yadav offered yet another six-day extension. But the ruling alliance of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and United Democratic Joint Madhesi Front, as well as the opposition Nepali Congress and Communist Party of Nepal, failed to select a prime ministerial candidate, missing the latest deadline. Amid such political deadlock, there has been no progress on a new constitution—a critical component of the peace deal that ended the Maoist civil war in the first place.


This political crisis has amplified the economic weaknesses of the aid-dependent country, a quarter of whose population lives below the poverty line. Youth unemployment is over 40 percent and job creation is a struggle, especially with growth expected to drop to 3.8 percent in 2012-13, from 4.5 percent the previous year, according to the International Monetary Fund. The approval of the government’s budget on Nov. 21 averted a major financial crisis that would have left half a million civil servants, soldiers, and police without pay. This was a rare spot of good news for the dysfunctional country.


Though India and China already have significant stakes in their neighbor, the political crisis puts further foreign investment in jeopardy. One report suggests that Nepal’s diplomats have secured additional investment abroad, but this is contingent on the establishment of a constitution and the return of political stability. Other potential investors, including many businessmen from Saudi Arabia, have admitted losing interest in Nepal because of the political impasse. The country’s dismal ranking of 141 (out of 176 countries) on Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index, the recurring power crisis, and additional structural limitations are not helping matters.


If the political and economic situation continues to stagnate, and no constitution is finalized to unite the people, it is likely that ethnic and religious differences—as well as the frustrations of historically marginalized groups from lower castes—will serve as significant sources of conflict.


It’s clear that the ruling elites are rapidly losing domestic legitimacy. Unfortunately, this has not motivated them to resolve the political crisis with dispatch. Perhaps it’s time for foreign donors to apply overt pressure on Nepal by making future aid conditional on a resolution to the political deadlock.


Even if a political consensus emerges as to how to move forward, it will take time before Nepal’s rulers regain the legitimacy needed to allow the government to ease the economic crisis. If no consensus is reached in 2013, mass street protests—which in the past brought down the monarchy—are likely to resurface. The way things are going, another Nepali politician could get slapped.


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Showrooming little threat to clothiers in ho-hum holidays






Chicago (Reuters) – In retail, showrooming has not hit shirts yet.


Showrooming, the retail term for shoppers who try a product, then buy it cheaper on Amazon.com or other websites, has driven retailers to the point of hiding barcodes, improving their own websites and coming up with methods to get people to complete their purchase in the store.






But brand-name clothing retailers have an advantage over companies that sell items you can buy anywhere, like televisions and home goods.


Specialty apparel retailers are some of the least affected by showrooming since the more exclusive the product is, the harder it is to showroom,” said Joel Bines, managing director of the retail practice at advisory firm AlixPartners.


That, in turn, has helped retailers like Gap Inc and Lululemon Athletica Inc find favor with investors.


A survey of 2,010 adults conducted by AlixPartners showed consumers who shop for apparel were among the least likely (35 percent) to go to other websites after they liked an item at a store, compared with 42 percent of electronics shoppers and 41 percent of those looking for accessories like watches and jewelry.


“If you look at some of the most successful (clothes) companies in the past few years, they are those that have that moat around them,” said hedge fund manager Shawn Kravetz, who runs Esplanade Capital in Boston.


He cites yogawear maker Lululemon and Gap as good examples of how it can help to have clothes that are not sold elsewhere.


If a shopper wants to buy a Banana Republic or Nordstrom shirt from the latest season, they have to buy it either from their stores or online shop.


Discount retailers like Zappos, Amazon and others stock brand-name products, but the merchandise is often not from the current season or limited in colors and sizes.


“I don’t need to see if a television fits my body shape when I buy a TV,” said Joe Megibow, senior vice president of omni-channel e-commerce at American Eagle Outfitters. The teen clothes retailer has seen better sales than its peers over the past year.


“I can get a sense of the TV and I’m good. Clothing is different. Does it fit me, is it my style, do I like the quality of the material and how it is put together. There’s so much more with apparel that matters,” he said.


That is the part of the reason, analysts say, why online-only clothing companies like Bonobos and Gap’s Piperlime have started opening brick-and-mortar stores or tied up with retailers to sell their products in physical locations.


Choice and easy availability are the two most important aspects of shopping, especially during a holiday season that has lost steam after what looked like strong Thanksgiving sales.


Estelle Tran, an “impulsive” shopper in her twenties, agreed.


“If I want to buy books, tech items, DVDs, I would definitely buy online. For clothes, I would rather (visit stores) as it is also a fun experience to try on clothes,” said the Chicago-based finance auditor.


Tran said she would definitely check prices online if she was spending more than $ 100.


Luxury and high-priced items can be more susceptible to showrooming, because pricing is what drives the behavior, said Marshal Cohen, chief economist at the consultancy NPD Group.


“With electronics and certain consumer goods it is very easy to compare specific brands across multiple websites. But (showrooming is) happening and it will be growing. If a (clothes) retailer isn’t taking it seriously, they are going to fall behind,” said Bolette Andersen, principal in KPMG’s retail industry practice.


ROOM TO GROW


Some investors are betting on apparel stocks because of their relative insulation from the threat of showrooming.


While the S&P Apparel Index has returned a sizzling 27.71 percent year to date, according to Reuters data, far outperforming the S&P 500, which is up 14.80 percent, more gains may be coming.


“We still think there’s plenty of room to grow,” said Brian Peery, co-portfolio manager at Hennessy Funds. Its growth fund, heavily weighted in apparel and consumer discretionary goods shares, is up 30 percent over the year.


“As we look into the sector 12-18 months, we continue to buy the discretionary area. Two of our heaviest investments would be Foot Locker Inc and TJX Companies Inc,” he said.


Discount chains like TJX and Ross Stores, which sell branded clothes at low prices, have benefited from the surge in bargain-seeking shoppers.


Even the stocks of retailers like Gap and American Eagle that have staged or are staging turnarounds have gotten a good boost over the year. Gap has soared 69 percent and American Eagle is up 31 percent.


R. Shawn Neville, president of Avery Dennison retail branding and information solutions, said another reason that apparel and to a broader extent other consumer discretionary stocks do well is because of their sustainability.


“In uncertain times, investors look towards market segments that have strong underlying demand which are more stable, like the apparel industry,” Neville said.


Moreover, in times of economic uncertainty, shoppers can still afford clothes and shoes, as opposed to a new car, home, or expensive vacations, helping apparel stocks do well, he said.


“Though Amazon is clearly stealing some share in various categories, clothes retailers, say Abercrombie & Fitch isn’t going anywhere. They’re not being run out of the shopping mall,” said Esplanade’s Kravetz.


(Editing by Jeffrey Benkoe)


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Vatican says pope beats Justin Bieber on re-tweets






VATICAN CITY (Reuters) – Pope Benedict, white-haired, 85, and a neophyte to social media site Twitter, has beaten out 18-year old heartthrob Justin Bieber to set a percentage record for re-tweeting by his followers, the Vatican said on Thursday.


The Vatican newspaper said that as of noon Italian time on Thursday the pope had 2.1 million followers on Twitter, eight days after his first tweet was sent.






While Canadian singer-songwriter Bieber has roughly 15 times as many followers – 31.7 million – the Vatican newspaper said Benedict had beaten Bieber on re-tweets.


It said about 50 percent of the pope’s followers had re-tweeted his first tweet on December 12 while only 0.7 percent of Bieber’s followers had re-tweeted one of the singer’s most popular tweets on September 26, when he commented on the death by cancer of a six-year-old fan.


The Vatican said this was part of a wider trend in which people were looking for more spiritual content.


The pope already tweets in English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish and Arabic. The newspaper said he will start tweeting in Latin and Chinese soon.


(Reporting By Philip Pullella, editing by Paul Casciato)


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Hundreds pay tribute to legendary Indian sitarist Ravi Shankar






ENCINITAS, California (Reuters) – Ravi Shankar‘s daughters, Norah Jones and Anoushka Shankar, along with the wife of late Beatle George Harrison said their final goodbyes to the Indian sitar virtuoso on Thursday at a public memorial service in Encinitas, California.


The legendary musician and composer, who helped introduce the sitar to the Western world through his collaboration with The Beatles, died on December 11 in Southern California. He was 92.






About 700 people joined Shankar’s wife, Sukanya, and family at the service held at a spiritual center in the coastal town about 25 miles north of San Diego.


Olivia Harrison, the widow of Beatles guitarist George Harrison, told Reuters the three-time Grammy winner who formed a musical and spiritual bond with The Beatle “expressed music at its deepest level.”


“As a person he was just sweet and seemed to know everything,” she added. “He was a true citizen of the world.”


Shankar is credited with popularizing Indian music through his work with violinist Yehudi Menuhin and The Beatles beginning in the mid-1960s, inspiring George Harrison to learn the sitar and the British band to record songs like “Norwegian Wood” (1965) and “Within You, Without You” (1967).


“He completely transformed (George’s) musical sensibilities,” a tearful Harrison told the crowd. “They exchanged ideas and melodies until their hearts and minds were intertwined like a double helix.”


‘LITTLE CRUMB’


His friendship with Harrison led him to appearances at the Monterey and Woodstock pop festivals in the late 1960s and the 1972 Concert for Bangladesh. He became one of the first Indian musicians to become a household name in the West.


His influence in classical music, including on composer Philip Glass, was just as large. His work with Menuhin on their “West Meets East” albums in the 1960s and 1970s earned them a Grammy, and he wrote concertos for sitar and orchestra for both the London Symphony Orchestra and the New York Philharmonic.


“I always felt like a little crumb in his presence,” Zubin Mehta, a former music director of the New York Philharmonic and collaborator with Shankar, said at the service.


Jazz pianist Herbie Hancock also attended the service along with “Anna Karenina” director Joe Wright, the husband of Shankar’s daughter Anoushka.


Shankar, who had lived in Encinitas for the past 20 years, had suffered from upper respiratory and heart issues over the past year and underwent heart-valve replacement surgery last week at a hospital in San Diego.


The surgery was successful but he was unable to recover.


Shankar’s final concert was on November 4 in Long Beach, California, with his Grammy-winning sitarist daughter Anoushka, who spoke giving thanks to those who came. Jones, the third Grammy-winner in the family, did not speak at the service.


(Writing by Eric Kelsey; editing by Philip Barbara)


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